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Contents
Contents
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
Abstract
.
Declaration
Copyright Statement
Acknowledgements
Overview
Background
MRI
- Longitudinal Relaxation
- Transverse Relaxation
- Echo Time
Spin Echo
Gradient Echo
- Repetition Time
Proton Density
Image Acquisition and Reconstruction
Fourier Zeugmatography
Spin Echo (SE) Sequences
Gradient Echo (GE) Sequences
Echo Planar Imaging (EPI)
Perfusion Imaging
Contrast agents
Which to use? SE or GE?
Fast Imaging Methods in Perfusion Imaging
Currently Accepted Theory for Obtaining Cerebral Perfusion
Contrast Concentration and Outflow Experiments to Determine Flow Rate
Contrast Concentration due to MR Signal
Practical Approaches for Obtaining Cerebral Perfusion
Fourier Transform (FT)
Matrix Algebraic Approaches
Regularisation
Singular Value Decomposition
The Problems of Delay and Dispersion
Implications
Summary
Clinical Relevance
Introduction
Vascular Depression
Alzheimer's Disease
Hypoperfusion in the AD Brain
Structural Changes
A Vascular Hypothesis
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)
Clinical Characteristics
Neuropathology
Genetic Risk
Structural Changes
Implications
Calculating Net Cerebral Blood Flow
Theoretical basis of Net Cerebral Blood Flow estimation
Conversion of
Data to Contrast Concentration Curves
Relative Cerebral Blood Volume (RCBV)
Time of Arrival
T0
TTP - Time to Peak
TTM - Time to Mean
Calculation of Net Mean Transit Time (NMTT)
Calculation of Net Cerebral Blood Flow (NCBF)
Practical aspects of NCBF estimation
Image Acquisition Details
Image Analysis
Error Modelling of Blood Flow Parameters
RCBV Error
NMTT Error
NCBF Error
Results of Flow Parameter Estimation in Young Normals
Results
NMTT Results
log(NCBF) Results
Discussion
Vascular Territories
Introduction
Vascular Territories
Methods
Subject Demographics
Sequence Acquisitions and Scan Parameters
Determining Total Carotid and Basilar Arterial Flow into the Head
Determining Total Head Size
Statistical Tests
Data Available
Notes on the ANOVA and regression outputs
Comparison of Wellcome and Research into Ageing Normal Groups
Vascular Territories
Normal Group Correlations between Age, Gender, Arterial Flow and Head Size
Predicting Normal Group Variation in Regional Vascular Parameters using Age, Gender, Arterial Flow and Head Size
log(NCBF)
TTM
Differentiating Disease and Normal Groups using Corrected Regional Vascular Parameters
Results
Conclusions
A Vascular Territories Classification System
Introduction
Regional Means and Standard Errors for the Normal Group
Detail on the Principle Components Analysis
Principle Components Analysis Results
Eigenvalues
Eigenvectors
log(NCBF) Eigenvectors
Eigenvectors
TTM Eigenvectors
Probability Reflattening
Probability Reflattening Results
log(NCBF)
TTM
Conclusions
Summary
Summary of work
Limitations
Future Work
Effects of Variable AIF on TTM
Critical Bhattacharyya Values
Introduction
Methods
Critical B Value Tables
Histograms
Matlab Code
Bibliography
About this document ...
Marietta Scott 2005-10-07
- Longitudinal Relaxation
- Transverse Relaxation
- Echo Time
- Repetition Time
Data to Contrast Concentration Curves
Results